Iindidi ezintathu zamacandelo enkqubo 

Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yokunkcenkceshela esisigxina

Ngaphandle kokutshiza, amacandelo alungiswa iminyaka emininzi okanye ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela. Umbhobho oyintloko kunye nombhobho wesebe ungcwatywe emhlabeni, kwaye i-nozzle ifakwe kwi-standpipe ekhutshwe ngumbhobho wesebe. Kulula ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kuncinci kwindawo, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngokubanzi (njengokudityaniswa nokuchumisa, ukutshiza i-pesticides, njl.) kunye nokulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kokunkcenkceshela. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu lombhobho liyadingeka, kwaye utyalo-mali kwindawo nganye yeyunithi luphezulu. Ilungele iindawo ezilima izityalo ngokwezoqoqosho (ezifana neendawo zokulima imifuno) kunye neendawo ezinesivuno esikhulu apho kunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo.

Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yeSemi-fixed yokunkcenkceshela

Isitshizi, impompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho oyintloko zilungisiwe, ngelixa umbhobho wesebe kunye ne-sprinkler zihamba. Indlela eshukumayo ibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwencwadi, uhlobo lokuqengqeleka, uhlobo lokuphela kotsalo oluqhutywa yitrektara okanye i-winch, uhlobo lokuqengqeleka kwamandla, uhlobo lwe-winch kunye nesetyhula ezizihambelayo kunye nohlobo lokuguqulela oluqhutywa yinjini encinci yokuhamba kancinci. Utyalo-mali lungaphantsi kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela esisigxina, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokunkcenkceshela kokunkcenkceshela kuphezulu kunolo lwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ehambayo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizityalo zasemasimini.

1 uhlobo lwe-winch yokutshiza. Amanzi anikezelwa ngombhobho osuka kwiplagi yonikezelo lwamanzi kumbhobho omkhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu: enye kukufakela iwinch yentambo kunye nomatshini wamandla kunye nombhobho wokuqhuba iwintshi kwisitshizi. Esinye isiphelo sekhebula sigxininiswe kwi-sprinkler ye-traction yomhlaba; enye yi-winch yentambo kunye nomatshini wayo wamandla. Ibekwe phantsi, kwaye i-sprinkler nge-nozzle itsalwa phambili ngentambo yensimbi; enye kukuvuthuza ithumbu njengoko isebe lonikezelo lwamanzi kwifestile, iwintshi kunye nombhobho zixhonywe kwisitshizi okanye kwiskid, kwaye ithumbu litsalwa phambili. . I-hydraulically driven driven winch-type sprinkler yi-high-pressure yamanzi ephuma kumbhobho owomileyo, oqhutywa yi-injini yamanzi ukuqhuba i-winch, ukuphelisa imfuno yomatshini wamandla.

Izitshizi ezi-2 ezingqukuva kunye nezitshizi zokuguqulela. Zonke zi-multi-tower self-propelled, kunye nemibhobho yesebe yentsimbi ebhityileyo enemibhobho emininzi ixhaswa kwiimoto ezininzi zeenqaba ezinokuqhutywa ngokuzenzekelayo. Imoto nganye yenqaba inesethi yokulawulwa kwesantya, ukuvumelanisa, ulawulo lokhuseleko kunye nenkqubo yokuqhuba, ukwenzela ukuba yonke inkqubo yombhobho yesebe ikwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo isantya somgca okanye senze i-rotary motion ngeenxa zonke phantsi kombane okanye i-hydraulic drive. I-sprinkler yesetyhula (Umfanekiso 1) inikezelwa yi-pivot ephakathi. Ubude besebe buyi-60-800 yeemitha, ixesha lokujika elinye liyi-8 iiyure ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-7, kwaye indawo yokulawula i-150-3000 acres. Iqondo lokuzenzekelayo liphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, indawo yokutshiza ijikelezileyo, ukwenzela ukusombulula ingxaki yokunkcenkceshela kwiimbombo zone zebhloko yesikwere, ezinye zixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokutshiza sekona, oko kukuthi, ibha yokutshiza eyandisiweyo okanye intloko yokutshiza emide ifakwe ekupheleni kombhobho wesebe, xa ujikela kwicala Ujika ngokuzenzekelayo xa ummandla wekona. I-sprinkler yokuguqulela inikezelwa ngumbhobho ovela kwiplagi yokubonelela ngamanzi kwitshaneli okanye kumbhobho oyintloko osisigxina. Xa amanzi enikezelwa kumbhobho oyintloko, i-sprinkler kufuneka ihambise umbhobho emva kokuhamba umgama othile kwaye uyitshintshe kwiplagi yamanzi elandelayo, ngoko iqondo lokuzenzekelayo liphantsi, kodwa akukho zimbombo ezisele emva kokufafaza.

Inkqubo yokutshiza yeselula

Ukongeza kumthombo wamanzi, umatshini wamandla, impompo yamanzi, umbhobho oyintloko, umbhobho wesebe kunye nombhobho zonke ziyasuswa, ngoko zinokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela, nto leyo ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nokugcina utyalo-mali kwindawo nganye yeyunithi, kodwa isebenza. Ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokuzenzekelayo. Phakathi kweentlobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ezinye zilula kunye nezincinci zokutshiza ezixhotyiswe ngomatshini wamandla kunye nempompo yamanzi kwi-trolley okanye i-handrail. Imibhobho ifakwe kwi-tripod elula kwaye ixhunywe kwipompo yamanzi nge-hose; ezinye zixhonywe kwitrektara ehamba ngempompo yamanzi kunye nentloko yokutshiza. I-sprinkler encinci iqhutywa ngumbane we-trekta ehambayo; ezinye zizitshizi ze-cantilever eziphindwe kabini ezifakwe kwiitrektara ezinkulu neziphakathi. Inkqubo yokutshiza ehambayo ifanelekile kwizityalo zentsimi kunye neziqwenga ezincinci ezinamaxesha aphantsi okunkcenkceshela.

Ukongeza, ukunkcenkceshela kwe-self-pressure sprinkler kunokuphuhliswa kwiindawo apho iimeko zivumela. Imodeli esebenzayo ineenzuzo zokuba ukuhla kwemvelo kwamanzi kungasetyenziswa, umatshini wamandla kunye nempompo yamanzi ayidingeki, izixhobo zilula, ukusebenza kukulungele, kwaye iindleko zokusetyenziswa ziphantsi.