Ukudibanisa njani ukurisayikilisha kwamanzi kunye nembonakalo yegadi? 

1 Intshayelelo

Kwi-ecosystem yasezidolophini, i-landscape body body iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleziswa kwenkqubo yangoku yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso, ungcoliseko lommandla wamanzi womhlaba uya usiba nzima kwaye unzima. Indlela yokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo umzimba wamanzi ongcolileyo uyimfuneko kakhulu. . Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunyanga ukucocwa kwamanzi, kodwa iindlela zonyango zendabuko zigxininisa ngokuthe ngcembe iingxaki zayo. Kweli phepha, ingcamango yokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo unyango lokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye ne-garden landscape iyacetywa, engakwaziyo ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo imizimba yamanzi engcolileyo, kodwa inokunyusa umphumo we-landscape, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumane izibonelelo ezithile ze-ikholoji kunye nezentlalo, ezifanele ukukhuthazwa kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

2. Imeko yangoku yongcoliseko yeendawo zamanzi ezinobume bezitiya zasezidolophini

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini laseTshayina, uninzi lwamanzi asezidolophini luye lwabandezeleka ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ongcoliseko, olunganciphisi nje kuphela ixabiso labo lobuhle, kodwa luphinde lube buthathaka umsebenzi wokhenketho kunye nokhenketho, kwaye alukwazi ukufumana izibonelelo zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo ezibafaneleyo. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokucotha kwesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esixekweni, ngokuthe ngcembe ibangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lwe-eutrophication, kwaye kwaneminye imithombo yamanzi yasezidolophini ifikelele kwinqanaba lokungondleki. Ngaphezu koko, lo mkhwa unzima sele usenzeka kwizixeko ezininzi zaseTshayina, kwaye kukho nomkhwa wokusasazeka.

Ukongeza kwingxaki ye-eutrophication kumanzi amakhulu ezidolophini, ezinye iindawo zegadi ezincinci zineengxaki ezibalaseleyo ezifana nomthamo wamanzi aphantsi, umthamo ophantsi wokuzicoca, imithombo yongcoliseko olubanzi kunye nommandla omncinci wamanzi. Yenze ukuba ichaphazeleke ngakumbi kungcoliseko kunye nomonakalo.

Okwangoku, ukongeza kwinani elincinci lemizila yamanzi ekhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo njengelindle lasekhaya, i-landscape water body ingcoliseke kakhulu. Umgangatho wamanzi weendawo ezininzi zamanzi ezinomhlaba uphantsi kwinqanaba longcoliseko xa kuthelekiswa nogutyulo lwasekhaya, amanzi aphuma kumhlaba wasefama, njl. njl., umzimba wamanzi ongcolisekileyo okanye ukukhanya. Iqondo longcoliseko lwemithombo yamanzi, ke ngoko, kufuneka linikwe ingqwalasela epheleleyo kunye nengqalelo, kwaye kuthathwe ulawulo olusebenzayo kunye nomsebenzi wolawulo.

Phambi kokujongana nemithombo yamanzi kwiindawo zasezidolophini, kuyafuneka ukuqonda eyona mithombo iphambili yongcoliseko kumanzi akwindawo yasezidolophini. Ngokubanzi, umthombo wongcoliseko kumanzi asezidolophini ubukhulu becala ngumthombo wongcoliseko kunye nongcoliseko olungeyondawo. Kwimithombo yongcoliseko lweendawo, kukho ikakhulu amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso yasezidolophini, ilindle lasekhaya, amanzi amdaka kwiziko lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nenkunkuma evuzayo, njl.njl., ngeli lixa ungcoliseko lweendawo lubandakanya ubukhulu becala ukuqengqeleka kwamanzi asele edolophini kunye nokuqengqeleka kwezolimo kwiindawo zezolimo ezisezidolophini. Okwangoku, ngenxa yongcoliseko olungekho ndawo, ngenxa yomthwalo ophezulu wongcoliseko, ulawulo lunzima kakhulu kwaye lufumene ingqwalasela engakumbi.

3. Umbono wonyango lokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nokudityaniswa kwegadi

Ngokujonga ukusilela kweendlela zokulima zemveli ezifana nokutshiza iziyobisi kunye nokuhluzwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microbial degradation, isenzo sekhemikhali yezityalo kunye nemiphumo yenyama yezigcwalisi iya kwenza ukucocwa okunzulu kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe imithombo yamanzi. Akukho vumba kwinkqubo yonyango, kwaye ukushisa okuphantsi ebusika akuchaphazeli umphumo wokonyango lwamanzi. Idayagram yeskim sokuqhubekeka kwayo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Kumhlaba omanzi owakhiweyo, okokuqala, amanzi akrwada afuna ukutshajwa kwakhona kumhlaba omanzi owenziweyo. Umthombo wonikezelo lwamanzi akrwada ubukhulu becala ngamanzi emvula okanye imvula yokwakha yezakhiwo ezingqongileyo. Ngaphambi kokuzaliswa kwakhona, umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi akrwada kufuneka ubekwe iliso. Ukuba umzimba wamanzi ufuna ukuhlanjululwa, Impompo isetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi akrwada ukuba aphathwe kwinkqubo yonyango lokujikeleza kwamanzi kwindalo.

Kumhlaba wegadi apho amanzi akrwada angena kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi, iya kuqala iphathwe ngeoksijini kwitanki ye-aeration yamanzi, ize iqukuqelele kwichibi lebhayoloji yodidi lokuqala, ibhedi yegrabile yenqanaba lokuqala, ichibi lebhayoloji lenqanaba lesibini, kunye neyesibini. Ibhedi yegrabile iyahluzwa, idephosphosphorized kunye nenitrogen, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqukuqela ibuyele kwi-landscape yechibi ngombhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba.

Amanzi akrwada aphathwa yinkqubo yokucoca ukujikeleza kwamanzi anokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingasetyenziselwa i-waterscape kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwimihlaba yegadi yasezidolophini, kwelinye icala, inokufezekisa ngokufanelekileyo umphumo wokuphucula imozulu yengingqi kunye nokuphucula imeko yendawo yendalo. Khuthaza ngokusebenza.

4. Umgaqo wokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwi-landscape yegadi

Ngokudityaniswa komjikelo wamanzi kunye nommandla wegadi owamkelwe kweli phepha lingasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ukucocwa komgangatho wamanzi ikakhulu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kulungelelwaniso oluphindwe kathathu lwebhayoloji, i-physics kunye nekhemistri. Kwinkqubo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga amanzi ezifana nokufunxa, ukuhluzwa, ukufunxa izityalo, ukuthotywa kwe-microbial kunye nokucoca zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo esidibeneyo, amanzi angcolileyo ahlanjululwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini nazo zifunyenwe. Ukubola okusebenzayo. Inkqubo yokucoca amanzi ayisusi kuphela izinto eziphilayo, kodwa isusa i-nitrogen kunye ne-dephosphorizes kwaye isuse isinyithi esinzima, esinokufikelela kwimiphumo emihle kakhulu yonyango.

Itanki ewayo yokuphefumla yamanzi kunye nesihluzo sokuhla zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa ii-iron kumbindi wamanzi ongcolisekileyo. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, izinto ezingcolisa amanzi amdaka zinokwahlulwa ubukhulu becala zibe ziindidi ezintathu, uhlobo lokuqala longcoliseko yisuspended matter, uhlobo lwesibini longcoliseko lungcoliseko lwendalo, yaye uhlobo lwesithathu longcoliseko yiinorganic salt nitrogen nephosphorus. Ukunyangwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kuhlobo lokuqala lokungcola, i-adsorption kunye nemvula zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule nkqubo, inkqubo yonyango ebanzi yendalo esekwe kwibhedi yegrabile yesityalo inokufikelela kwiziphumo ezihle, kwaye izinga lokususa linokufezekiswa ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu kwama-90%. Ungcoliseko lwendalo kuhlobo lwesibini longcoliseko, inkqubo yeengcambu zamachibi aphezulu ezityalo zamanzi kunye neengcambu zezityalo kunye ne-biofilm kumphezulu wegrabile kumandlalo wegrabile wesityalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye indlela yokuqala yokubhengezwa kunye ne-post biodegradation yamkelwa. Ipheliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Okokugqibela, ekuphelisweni kohlobo lwesithathu lwezingcolisi njengeetyuwa ezingaphiliyo initrogen kunye nephosphorus, eyeyangaphambili iphunyezwa ikakhulu ngokufunxwa kwezityalo, ukuqokelelana kwemicrobial kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweebhedi zegrabile. Ukupheliswa kokugqibela, inxalenye yayo ifunxeka ngokufanelekileyo ziingcambu zesityalo, kwaye enye inxalenye iphunyulwe kwinkqubo ngesenzo sebhaktheriya e-denitrifying phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic.