Ibishushanyo bishya byubaka umutekano? 

Iyo wunvise 'umutekano wibishushanyo,' ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira mungoro ndangamurage zerekana umutingito cyangwa kubona plinth. Ibyo ni bimwe mu bigize, ariko udushya twukuri, twinshi tubera hanze, aho ubuhanzi buhurira n'ibikorwa remezo, ikirere, na rubanda-ahantu gutsindwa ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kubungabunga gusa, ni inzozi mbi. Intego yanjye yamye nisangano yimitwaro yingufu, amazi, nogushiraho burundu. Nibyiza, ariko kimwe aho amasomo atsindirwa kandi ibisubizo ntabwo ari igitabo gusa.

Imyumvire mibi yimitwaro ihamye

Umuntu wese atangirana numutwaro wapfuye - uburemere bwumuringa, ibuye, ibyuma. Urabara, utegura umusingi, kandi ukeka ko urangije. Nibyo byambere, kandi biteje akaga, kwibwira. Ikibazo nyacyo gitangirana na umutwaro uremereye. Ku gishushanyo cy'isoko, ntabwo uburemere bw'amazi gusa mu kibase. Nibisunikwa bya hydraulic biva mu ndege ya metero 100, cycle yikuramo ivuye kunyeganyega kwa pompe byanyuze muri armature, hamwe nogukata umuyaga kumiterere nini, idasanzwe ikora nkubwato kuruta ikintu gikomeye. Nabonye ibishushanyo aho injeniyeri yububatsi yafataga icyo gishushanyo nkigice cya monolithic, gusa kugirango umukiriya asabe nyuma kongeramo amajwi yumuvuduko mwinshi cyane cyane uhindura igice mubizamini bya moteri ya roketi. Kongera gushushanya byatwaye amafaranga menshi.

Noneho hariho amazi ubwayo nkibintu byubaka. Ntabwo tuvuga gusa ruswa, nubwo icyo ari igice kinini. Ndavuga kuri buoyancy mu bigega byashyinguwe, umuvuduko wa hydrostatike kuri weld yarengewe na kashe, hamwe na cycle-free-thaw mubihe bishyushye. Mugenzi wawe yigeze gutsindwa bikomeye mumushinga wamajyaruguru yubushinwa - igice cyiza cyicyuma kitagira umwanda. Imiyoboro y'imbere kubintu byashushanyijeho byari bike. Mu gihe c'itumba, amazi asigaye yarakonje, araguka, kandi acamo icyuma gikomeye. Igice cyose cyimuka cyafashe hanyuma kiruha kubera moteri ikomeje kugerageza kuyitwara. Gusana birimo guca intangiriro yose. Isomo? Iwawe umutekano wubatswe isesengura rigomba gushyiramo kunanirwa uburyo bwa sisitemu yingirakamaro yinjiye mubuhanzi. Igishusho hamwe na sisitemu yacyo ni ibinyabuzima bimwe.

Aha niho ibigo bifite uburambe bwimbitse butandukanye. Nari nsubiramo umushinga portfolio kuva Shenyang Fei Ya Amazi Yubukorikori Landscape Engineering Co, Ltd. (urashobora kubona akazi kabo kuri https://www.syfyfountain.com). Icyagaragaye ntabwo cyari igipimo cyamasoko yabo gusa, ahubwo kuramba. Kubaka ibice birenga 100 binini kuva 2006 bivuze ko byanze bikunze bahuye nabyo kandi bagakemura ibyo bibazo byihishe. Imiterere yabo - ifite ishami ryubwubatsi niterambere ryihariye hamwe nicyumba cyerekanirwamo n’amahugurwa - byerekana imyitozo yubatswe kuri prototyping no kwipimisha, ari naho havuka udushya twukuri mumutekano wibishushanyo. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye na software nziza yonyine; ni ukugira laboratoire yo gupima umubiri guterana nozzle cyangwa ibikoresho birwanya amazi ya chlorine munsi yumutwaro.

Umunaniro wibikoresho hamwe nintera ihishe

Guhanga udushya akenshi bisobanura gukoresha ibikoresho bishya cyangwa guhuza. Caribre fibre igizwe na cantilevers yoroheje, polymers yihariye kubice byoroshye. Ariko buri kintu gishya gitangiza ingingo nshya zo kunanirwa, akenshi kuri interineti. Nigute ushobora guhuza fibre ya karubone nicyuma kitagira umwanda mubidukikije bihora bitose? Ibikorwa bifata igihe kirekire munsi yumukino wo gusiganwa ku magare ni agasanduku kirabura keretse iyo ugerageje amasaha ibihumbi. Twagerageje gushya guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera. Urutonde rwibisobanuro byari byiza. Mubyukuri, micro-igenda ihora mubidukikije bya chlorine yateje ubwoko bwimyitwarire ya ruswa yamenetse mumashanyarazi itari mumpapuro zose. Byatsinzwe nyuma y'amezi 18. 'Udushya' twagombaga gusubizwa mu muco gakondo, ufite moteri ikabije. Rimwe na rimwe, guhanga ni ukumenya igihe cyo kudashya.

Gukurikirana nintwari itavuzwe igezweho umutekano wubatswe. Ntabwo bihagije kubyubaka no kugenda. Kubikorwa byingenzi, ubu turimo gushyiramo fibre optique yimyitozo ngororamubiri mubanyamuryango bakomeye kandi dukoresha moteri yihuta kugirango dukurikirane umukono wa vibrasiya. Agashya kari mubisobanuro byamakuru. Guhinduranya muburyo bwibanze bwimiterere birashobora kwerekana gushiraho cyangwa gutuza umusingi mbere yuko bigaragara. Turi kuva kubungabunga ibidukikije tujya kubungabunga. Numukino uhindura ingengo yimikorere yabakiriya numutekano muremure wabaturage.

Ubundi buryo bwihishe ni hagati yumuhanzi, injeniyeri, nuwubaka. Umuhanzi atekereza uruti ruto rufite urwego runini, rwuzuye amazi. Injeniyeri azi umuyaga uva kumurongo uzatera ihungabana. Agashya hano ni inzira, ntabwo ari tekiniki. Byerekeranye na 3D gusikana maquette, gukoresha CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) bigereranya hakiri kare, no kugira amahugurwa yibikorwa aho ubwumvikane bwerekanwe mugihe nyacyo. Igisubizo cyiza nigihe inzitizi yubuhanga itera guhindura ibihangano bihinduka umukono wigice. Nabonye umunyabugeni ahindura imiterere ihamye kugirango igabanye umutwaro wumuyaga, hanyuma ikora urumuri rwiza binyuze mumasoko y'amazi-iterambere ryavutse rwose mubiganiro byumutekano.

Urufatiro: Mubisanzwe kandi mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo

Urashobora kugira igishusho cyakozwe neza cyane, kandi kizasenyuka niba umusingi utumva neza ubutaka. Aka ni agace keza cyane, agace gakomeye. Ku bishushanyo by'isoko, ubutaka bukunze kubangamiwe kuva ugitangira-urimo ucukura ibibase binini, ameza y'amazi ni maremare, kandi ubutaka buri gihe butose. Gutwara ibirundo gakondo ntibishoboka kuruhande rwimiyoboro yoroshye. Twimukiye muburyo bwo gukoresha ibirundo cyangwa micro-pile muribi bihe. Zitera kunyeganyega gake, zirashobora gushyirwaho kumpande kugirango zirwanye ibice byihariye, kandi ubushobozi bwabyo birashobora kugenzurwa mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Nubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwatijwe mubwubatsi bwa gisivili, ariko kubukoresha mugushiraho ibihangano birimbitse.

Fondasiyo kandi ikubiyemo urwego rwamategeko ninyandiko. Agashya twasunikiraga ni 'digital twin' itangwa. Iyo umushinga urangiye, umukiriya ntabwo abona gusa ibishushanyo bya PDF. Babona 3D BIM (Kwubaka Amakuru Yerekana Model) ikubiyemo ibintu bifatika, amakarita yo gusudira, gahunda yo kubungabunga ibice byihariye, hamwe namakuru yubatswe ya sensor ya data. Ibi bibaye inyandiko nzima mubuzima bwigishushanyo. Niba uruganda rushya rwubwubatsi rufite inshingano yo gusuzuma mumyaka 20, ntabwo bahereye kubitangira cyangwa gushingira kumpapuro zashize. Ibi bitezimbere cyane igihe kirekire umutekano wubatswe imiyoborere.

Kunanirwa mumfatiro birateye ubwoba kandi bihenze. Ndibuka umushinga, ntabwo ari uwacu dushimiye, aho urufatiro runini rwibishushanyo mbonera rwagenewe umutwaro uhagaze ariko ntirwabaze bihagije umwanya wo gutembera kuva ukuboko kwa kinetic guhagarara gutunguranye. Mu myaka yashize, yateye imbere gato. Iyo mpinduramatwara yahinduye hagati ya rukuruzi, yongereye umutwaro uremereye ku byuma, biganisha ku gutsindwa gukabije. Gukosora byari mubyukuri gusenya no kongera kubaka. Intandaro? Gutandukana hagati yububasha bwa injeniyeri yububasha nigishushanyo mbonera cya injeniyeri. Guhanga udushya ni itegeko ryo gusubiramo ibihano hamwe na injeniyeri umwe, ubazwa umuyobozi wa sisitemu yose ihuriweho.

Amazi nkumutwaro wibanze nu mukozi wo kwangirika

Ibi bikwiye igice cyacyo kuko akenshi biratekerezwa. Mugushushanya ibiranga amazi, amazi nuburyo bwubuhanzi, ariko kuri injeniyeri yububiko, nikibazo cyiganje. Reka tubice. Ubwa mbere, ingaruka za hydraulic: imbaraga zindege yamazi ikubita ikintu cyibishushanyo ntabwo ari gito. Twakoresheje igishusho cy'umuringa 'inzogera' cyakubiswe n'amazi yo ku nyundo. Umuvuduko wumuvuduko waho wari uhagije kugirango akazi gakomere kandi amaherezo umunaniro ucike mumuringa muto mugihe. Agashya kari kongeramo igitambo, gishobora gusimbuzwa icyuma cyangiza inyuma yuruhu rwumuringa - igisubizo cyoroshye, hafi yikinyejana, ariko cyagize akamaro.

Icya kabiri, uburemere bwamazi na slosh. Ikibase ntabwo buri gihe cyuzuye. Mugihe cyo kwerekana, iratemba kandi yuzura vuba. Guhindura amazi kwinshi bigira ingaruka kumiterere karemano yimiterere yose. Niba iyi frequence yigeze ihura na pompe yinyeganyeza, ubona resonance, yongerera imbaraga imbaraga. Ubu dukora isesengura ryigihe gito ryigana ryigana amazi yose. Ibi biraremereye kubara ariko birakenewe. Icya gatatu, kandi gifite amayeri menshi, ni aerosole. Igicu cyiza kiva mumasoko gitwara amazi nubumara muri buri kayira. Irasanga insinga zidafunze, icyuho cya capillary muri weld, hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi. Udushya twacu hano ntabwo ari ugushiraho ibintu byose neza-ibyo ntibishoboka-nibindi bijyanye no gutegura inzira zamazi no gukoresha ibikoresho binanirwa neza. Kurugero, kwerekana duplex idafite ibyuma kubifata imbere byose, kabone niyo imiterere yibanze ari ibyuma byoroheje, kuko mugihe irangi ryirangi ryananiwe (kandi bizashoboka), ibifunga ntibishobora kwangirika no gutakaza imbaraga zabyo zo gufunga ijoro ryose.

Urebye kuri firime nka Shenyang Feiya Water Art Garden Engineering Co., Ltd., ibisobanuro byabo byo kugira laboratoire ifite ibikoresho byiza, icyumba cyo kwerekana isoko ni ingenzi. Aha niho urwanira-kugerageza ibi bitekerezo. Wubaka igice cyibishushanyo mubipimo, ukabishyira mucyumba cyo guteramo umunyu, ukizenguruka ukoresheje freze-thaw, hanyuma ugakoresha pompe kumasaha 10,000. Ntabwo udushya ku giciro cyabakiriya. Watsinzwe muri laboratoire yawe, wige, kandi usubiremo. Iyo nzira nigitanda cyizewe udushya twumutekano.

Ibikorwa bya muntu n'umutekano wibikorwa

Hanyuma, injeniyeri zose kwisi zirashobora gukurwaho nikosa ryimikorere. Urubanza rusanzwe: kugenzura sisitemu yo kugenzura, kugerageza gukora ingaruka zidasanzwe, byongera umuvuduko wo kwihuta kwibintu byimuka. Umwirondoro mushya wumuvuduko utanga imbaraga zidafite imbaraga zifata feri yububiko hamwe nu guhinduranya ntarengwa ntabwo byapimwe. Igice gisunika mumashini yacyo, cyangiza armature. Agashya hano ni muri sisitemu yo guhuza no gufunga. Sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho igomba kuba ifite ibipimo ntarengwa byateganijwe bidashobora kurenga hatabayeho uruhushya rwibikoresho bya injeniyeri. Porogaramu yerekana ubuhanzi igomba gukora muri 'ibahasha yumutekano' isobanuwe yimbaraga nimbaraga.

Noneho hariho uburyo bwo kubungabunga. Niba Bolt ikomeye idashoboka kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura-torque utabanje gusenya kimwe cya kabiri cyibishusho, ntabwo bizasuzumwa. Ubu dushushanya hamwe no kubungabunga nkumushoferi wibanze. Ibi bivuze kongeramo ibyambu byubugenzuzi, gushushanya ingingo zo guterura kugirango bisimburwe ibice, no gukora amabwiriza asobanutse neza, agaragara (urugero, Kugenzura ibice byimisatsi muri iyi radiyo buri mezi 6). Agashya ni mugukora protocole yumutekano byoroshye gukora. Ni igishushanyo gishingiye ku bantu kubatekinisiye.

Mu kurangiza, udushya twinshi dushobora kuba impinduka mubitekerezo. Umutekano wububiko bwububiko ntabwo icyemezo cyigihe kimwe gitanzwe mugushiraho. Nukwiyemeza ubuzima. Nibijyanye no gushushanya ubugenzuzi, kubaka mubucucike, gutegura gusana, no kubahiriza ibidukikije bidahwema, guhanga ibidukikije-cyane cyane amazi. Intego nyayo ntabwo ari ukurinda gutsindwa kwose, ahubwo ni ukugenzura uburyo ningaruka zo gutsindwa, kureba ko bitazigera biba ibiza. Ibyo bisaba kuvanga amahame yubuhanga bwubuhanga, intego yibisubizo byubuhanga buhanitse, kandi ikiruta byose, ubushishozi bwinjiza buturuka gusa kukubona ibintu bitagenda neza kera. Ubwo ni bwo bumenyi ubona mu matsinda amaze mu myobo, kubaka no kubungabunga ibice bigoye mu myaka mirongo. Ntabwo ari ikintu ushobora kwigana; ugomba kubaho.