Nigute ushobora guhuza amazi gutunganya nubusitani? 

1 Intangiriro

Mu bidukikije byo mu mijyi, umubiri w’amazi nyaburanga ni igice cyingenzi cyacyo. Ariko, hamwe nihuta ryibikorwa byubu byinganda, umwanda wamazi yimiterere yubutaka uragenda urushaho kwiyongera. Uburyo bwo gufata neza umubiri wamazi wanduye birakenewe cyane. . Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya amazi, ariko uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kuvura bugaragaza buhoro buhoro ibibi byayo. Muri iyi nyandiko, igitekerezo cyo guhuza neza uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi n’ahantu nyaburanga hashyizweho igitekerezo, kidashobora kuvura neza amazi y’amazi yanduye, ariko kandi gishobora kongera ingaruka z’imiterere, kandi amaherezo kikabona inyungu z’ibidukikije n’imibereho, gikwiye kuzamurwa mu bikorwa bifatika.

2. Imiterere ihumanya yubusitani bwubusitani bwamazi

Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’Ubushinwa, imibiri myinshi y’amazi yo mu mijyi yahuye n’umwanda utandukanye, ibyo ntibigabanya agaciro k’uburanga gusa, ahubwo binagabanya imikorere y’ubukerarugendo n’ubukerarugendo, kandi ntibishobora kubona inyungu z’imibereho n’ibidukikije bikwiye. Kugeza ubu, kubera umuvuduko ukabije w’amazi mu mujyi, bigenda bitera umwanda mwinshi wa eutrophasi, ndetse n’amazi amwe yo mu mijyi ageze ku rwego rw’imirire mibi. Byongeye kandi, iyi myumvire ikomeye imaze kugaragara mu mijyi myinshi yo mu Bushinwa, ndetse hari n'ikwirakwizwa.

Usibye ikibazo cya eutrophasique mumazi manini mumijyi, utundi turere duto twubusitani dufite ibibazo bigaragara nkubushobozi buke bwamazi, ubushobozi buke bwo kwisukura, amasoko mabi y’umwanda hamwe n’akarere gato k’amazi. Bitume byoroshye kwanduzwa no kwangirika.

Kugeza ubu, usibye umubare muto w’amazi asohoka mu buryo butaziguye nk’imyanda yo mu ngo, amazi y’imbere yanduye cyane. Ubwiza bw’amazi menshi y’amazi meza ni make ku rwego rw’umwanda ugereranije n’imyanda yo mu ngo, amazi y’ubutaka asohora amazi, n’ibindi, bikaba ari amazi yanduye mikorobe cyangwa urumuri. Impamyabumenyi y’umwanda w’amazi rero, igomba kwitabwaho no kwitabwaho byuzuye, no gufata neza imiyoborere n’imicungire.

Mbere yo guhangana n’imibiri y’amazi mu mijyi, ni ngombwa kumva inkomoko nyamukuru y’umwanda mumazi yimiterere yimijyi. Muri rusange, isoko y’umwanda mu mazi yo mu mijyi ahanini ni isoko y’umwanda ndetse n’umwanda udafite aho uhurira. Ku nkomoko y’imyanda ihumanya, hari cyane cyane amazi y’inganda zo mu mijyi, imyanda yo mu ngo, imyanda itunganya imyanda hamwe n’imyanda iva mu myanda, n’ibindi, mu gihe umwanda w’amasoko ukubiyemo ahanini imyanda yo mu mijyi n’amazi ava mu buhinzi ava mu mijyi y’ubuhinzi y’imijyi. Kugeza ubu, ku kwanduza inkomoko itari ingingo, kubera umutwaro mwinshi w’umwanda, kugenzura biragoye cyane kandi byitabiriwe cyane.

3. Igitekerezo cyo gutunganya amazi no guhuza ubusitani

Urebye ibitagenda neza muburyo busanzwe bwo guhinga nko gutera ibiyobyabwenge no kuyungurura, gukoresha mikorobe yangirika, ibikorwa byimiti yibimera ningaruka zifatika zuzuza bizafasha kweza cyane amazi mabi no gutunganya umutungo wamazi. Nta mpumuro iri murwego rwo kuvura, kandi ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'itumba ntabwo bugira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gutunganya amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutunganya ni ibi bikurikira:

Ku gishanga cyubatswe, icya mbere, amazi mbisi agomba kongera kwishyurwa mugishanga cyubukorikori. Inkomoko y'amazi meza ni amazi yimvura cyangwa imvura yo kubaka inyubako zikikije. Mbere yo kuzuzwa, hagomba gukurikiranwa ubwiza bw’amazi meza. Niba umubiri wamazi ukeneye kwezwa, pompe ikoreshwa mugupompa amazi mbisi kugirango itunganyirizwe muri sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi yikibanza.

Mubusitani bwubusitani aho amazi mbisi yinjira muri sisitemu yo kuzenguruka amazi, bizabanza kuvurwa na ogisijeni mu kigega cyo gukwirakwiza amazi, hanyuma bitembera muri pisine y’ibinyabuzima yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, uburiri bwa kaburimbo yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, ikidendezi cy’ibinyabuzima cyo mu rwego rwa kabiri, n'icya kabiri. Uburiri bwa kaburimbo burayungurura, dephosifora na azote, hanyuma amaherezo asubira mu kiyaga nyaburanga binyuze mu muyoboro wo munsi.

Amazi mbisi yatunganijwe na sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi arashobora gukoreshwa mubice byinshi. Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora gukoreshwa mu gufata amazi no kuhira mu busitani bwo mu mijyi, ku rundi ruhande, irashobora kugera ku ngaruka nziza zo kuzamura ikirere cy’akarere no guteza imbere ibidukikije byaho. Teza imbere mubikorwa.

4. Ihame ryo kweza amazi yubusitani

Binyuze mu guhuza uruziga rw’amazi n’imiterere y’ubusitani byemejwe mu mpapuro zavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kubona ko kweza ubwiza bw’amazi bigira uruhare runini mu guhuza inshuro eshatu ibinyabuzima, fiziki na shimi. Muri icyo gikorwa, uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya amazi nko kwinjiza, kuyungurura, kwinjiza ibimera, kwangirika kwa mikorobe no kuyungurura. Mubikorwa byahurijwe hamwe, amazi yanduye asukurwa neza, kandi imyanda ihumanya nayo iraboneka. Kubora neza. Sisitemu yo kweza amazi ntabwo ikuraho ibintu kama gusa, ahubwo ikuraho na azote na dephosifora kandi ikuraho ibyuma biremereye, bishobora kugera kubisubizo byiza byo kuvura.

Ikigega cyo kugabanuka cyamazi hamwe nayungurura kumanuka bikoreshwa cyane mugukuramo ioni mumazi yanduye. Mu bihe bisanzwe, imyanda ihumanya irashobora kugabanywa cyane cyane mu byiciro bitatu, ubwoko bwa mbere bw’imyanda ihagarikwa ibintu, ubwoko bwa kabiri bwangiza ni imyanda ihumanya, naho ubwoko bwa gatatu bwangiza ni umunyu ngugu wa azote na fosifore. Kubuvuzi bwibintu byahagaritswe muburyo bwa mbere bwanduye, adsorption nubushyuhe bikoreshwa cyane. Muri ubu buryo, gahunda yo gutunganya ibidukikije yuzuye ishingiye ku buriri bwa kaburimbo y’ibihingwa irashobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza, kandi igipimo cyo kuyikuraho gishobora kugerwaho muri rusange. Kurenga 90%. Kubihumanya kama mubwoko bwa kabiri bwanduye, sisitemu yumuzi wibidendezi by’amazi maremare n’ibiti by’ibihingwa hamwe na biofilm hejuru y’amabuye hejuru yigitanda cya kaburimbo y’ibihingwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane, kandi hakoreshwa uburyo bwa mbere bwa adsorption na post biodegradation. Kurandurwa neza. Hanyuma, mugukuraho ubwoko bwa gatatu bwanduye nkumunyu ngugu wa azote na fosifore, iyambere ikorwa ahanini no kwinjiza ibimera, kwirundanya kwa mikorobe no guhuza ibitanda bya kaburimbo. Kurandura ibyanyuma, igice cyacyo cyinjizwa neza numuzi wibimera, ikindi gice kikarokoka muri sisitemu nigikorwa cyo gutandukanya bagiteri mugihe cya anaerobic.

5. Gutunganya amazi no gutunganya ubusitani byuzuzanya

Imiterere yubusitani ubwayo ni ahantu heza mumujyi. Guhuza neza uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi birashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza. Byombi byuzuzanya kandi ni ngombwa. Ku ruhande rumwe, gahunda yo gutunganya amazi ikeneye kubahiriza ibisabwa byo gutunganya amazi yubusitani bwumujyi. Ku rundi ruhande, gahunda yo gutunganya amazi y’amazi yemejwe muri iyi mpapuro irashobora kandi kuzuza ibisabwa ubusitani ubwabwo. Kubwibyo, mubikorwa, ibintu byombi bigomba gusuzumwa byimbitse. Muri rusange, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi ikwirakwizwa munsi yicyatsi.

Mu guhuza neza uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi n’ahantu nyaburanga, byanze bikunze bizana ingaruka nziza z’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije hashingiwe ku kuzuza ibisabwa mu gutunganya amazi, urugero, gutera ibiti bitandukanye byo mu busitani bw’amazi no gutunganya ubusitani mu busitani. Ubwinshi bushobora kandi kugira uruhare runini muburinganire bwibidukikije bwubusitani.

Ikigega cyo hagati cyo hagati cyatewe ahanini n’ibimera byo mu mazi nkurubingo na cattail, bitoshye kandi byumuyaga; igice cyo hanze cyatewe neza hamwe nibimera bitandukanye byubusitani, kandi ingaruka nyaburanga ni nziza. Sisitemu y'amazi niwo murongo nyamukuru wubusitani bwose, bityo ugakora ahantu nyaburanga nyaburanga, bigatuma abantu bibagirwa gutaha.

6, umwanzuro

Muri make, umutungo w’amazi ujyanye nubukungu bwigihugu cyUbushinwa n’imibereho yabaturage, akaba aribwo shingiro ryibintu byo kubaho kwabantu. Nta mazi, nta buzima. Hashingiwe ku bihe bikomeye by’imyanda ihumanya y’amazi yo mu mijyi, iyi nyandiko itanga igitekerezo gishingiye ku guhuza byimbitse kw’amazi n’ibidukikije. Nyuma yo kuyishyira mu bikorwa, yageze ku nyungu nziza z’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije. Umwanditsi yizera ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya amazi y’Ubushinwa mu bihe biri imbere, ireme ry’amazi meza yo gutunganya imijyi azagera ku rwego rushya.