Momwe mungaphatikizire kubwezeretsanso madzi ndi mawonekedwe amunda? 

1 Mawu Oyamba

M'matauni zachilengedwe, mawonekedwe amadzi am'madzi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, ndi kufulumira kwa ndondomeko yamakono ya mafakitale, kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ozungulira malo kukukulirakulira. Momwe mungachitire bwino madzi oipitsidwa ndikofunikira kwambiri. . Pakali pano, pali njira zambiri zochizira madzi oyeretsedwa, koma njira zochiritsira zachikhalidwe zimawonetsa pang'onopang'ono zovuta zake. Mu pepalali, lingaliro lakuphatikiza bwino chithandizo cha madzi ozungulira ndi malo am'munda likuperekedwa, lomwe silingathe kuchitira bwino matupi amadzi oipitsidwa, komanso Litha kukulitsa mawonekedwe a malo, ndipo pamapeto pake kupeza zopindulitsa zina za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe ndizoyenera kukwezedwa pazogwiritsa ntchito.

2. Pakali pano kuipitsidwa kwa m'matauni m'madimba a madzi

Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha makampani aku China, matupi ambiri amadzi am'tauni avutika ndi kuipitsidwa kosiyanasiyana, komwe sikungochepetsa mtengo wawo wokongoletsa, komanso kufooketsa ntchito ya zokopa alendo ndi zokopa alendo, ndipo satha kupeza phindu la chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe lomwe amayenera. Pakalipano, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi mumzindawu, pang'onopang'ono kumayambitsa kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa eutrophication, ndipo ngakhale mabwalo ena amadzi a m'tauni afika pa mlingo wa kudya kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zachitika kale m'mizinda yambiri ku China, ndipo palinso chizoloŵezi chofalikira.

Kuphatikiza pa vuto la eutrophication m'mabwalo akulu amadzi m'mizinda, malo ena ang'onoang'ono aminda ali ndi zovuta zazikulu monga kuchepa kwa madzi, kusadziyeretsa bwino, magwero oyipitsidwa ambiri komanso malo ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Ipangitseni kuti ikhale yosavuta kuipitsa komanso kuwonongeka.

Pakalipano, kuwonjezera pa madzi ochepa omwe amachotsedwa mwachindunji ngati zimbudzi zapakhomo, malo amadzi amadzi oipitsidwa kwambiri. Makhalidwe amadzi am'madzi ambiri am'madzi amakhala otsika pakuyipitsidwa poyerekeza ndi zimbudzi zapanyumba, madzi otayira m'minda, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe ndi madzi owonongeka pang'ono kapena kuwala. Kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mabwalo amadzi, motero, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwathunthu ndikuyang'anira bwino ntchito yolamulira ndi kuyang'anira.

Musanayambe kuthana ndi mabwalo amadzi m'malo am'matauni, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwamadzi am'matauni. Nthawi zambiri, gwero la kuipitsa m'madzi a m'mizinda ndilomwe limayambitsa kuipitsa komanso kuipitsidwa kopanda malo. Pamalo oipitsa malo, pali makamaka madzi otayira m'matauni, zimbudzi za m'nyumba, zotayira zimbudzi ndi zotayira kutayira, ndi zina zotero, pomwe kuipitsidwa kwa malo kumaphatikizapo kusefukira kwamadzi m'matauni komanso kuchuluka kwaulimi kumadera akumatauni kumtunda kwaulimi. Pakalipano, chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa gwero lopanda mfundo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa, kulamulira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kwalandira chidwi chochulukirapo.

3. Lingaliro la chithandizo cha kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kuphatikizika kwa malo amunda

Poona zofooka za njira zachikhalidwe zamaluwa monga kupopera mankhwala ndi kusefera, kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, mankhwala a zomera ndi zotsatira za thupi za fillers zidzathandiza kuyeretsa kwambiri madzi onyansa ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi. Palibe fungo lamankhwala, ndipo kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira sikumakhudza zotsatira za mankhwala a madzi. The schematic chithunzi cha processing ake ndi motere:

Kwa madambo omangidwa, choyamba, madzi osaphika ayenera kuwonjezeredwa m'dambo lopanga. Gwero la madzi aiwisi makamaka ndi madzi amvula kapena mvula yomanga nyumba zozungulira. Asanayambe kuwonjezeredwa, madzi amadzimadzi amayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ngati thupi lamadzi liyenera kuyeretsedwa, Pampuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi osaphika kuti athe kuthandizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka madzi kameneka.

M'munda wam'munda momwe madzi amadzimadzi amalowera m'madzi oyendetsa madzi, amayamba kuthandizidwa ndi okosijeni mu thanki ya aeration yamadzi, kenako ndikudutsa mu dziwe loyamba lachilengedwe, bedi loyamba la miyala, dziwe lachiwiri lamoyo, ndi lachiwiri. Bedi la miyalalo limasefedwa, kuchotsedwa kwa phosphorized ndi nitrogen, ndipo potsirizira pake limabwereranso ku nyanja yamtunda kupyolera mu payipi yapansi panthaka.

Madzi osaphika omwe amathandizidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri. Kumbali imodzi, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi ndi ulimi wothirira m'malo am'matauni, pomwe imatha kukwaniritsa kusintha kwanyengo ndikuwongolera chilengedwe. Limbikitsani muzochita.

4. Mfundo yoyeretsa madzi m'munda wamaluwa

Kupyolera mu kuphatikizika kwa kayendedwe ka madzi ndi malo a munda omwe amatengedwa mu pepala pamwambapa, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti kuyeretsedwa kwa madzi abwino makamaka kumagwira ntchito yofunikira pakugwirizanitsa katatu kwa biology, physics ndi chemistry. Pochita izi, njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira madzi monga kuyamwa, kusefera, kuyamwa kwa zomera, kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kusefedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Pansi pakuchitapo kanthu, madzi oipitsidwa amayeretsedwa bwino, ndipo zowonongeka m'madzi zimapezedwanso. Kuwonongeka koyenera. Dongosolo loyeretsa madzi silimangochotsa zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso limachotsa nayitrogeni ndi dephosphorizes ndikuchotsa zitsulo zolemera, zomwe zimatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala.

Tanki yotulutsa mpweya yomwe ikugwa ndi fyuluta yotsitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa ayoni achitsulo m'madzi oipitsidwa. Munthawi yachibadwa, ndi zoipitsa mu zimbudzi akhoza makamaka anawagawa m'magulu atatu, mtundu woyamba wa zoipitsa ndi inaimitsidwa nkhani, mtundu wachiwiri wa zoipitsa ndi organic zoipitsa, ndi mtundu wachitatu wa zoipitsa ndi inorganic mchere asafe ndi phosphorous. Pochiza zolimba zoyimitsidwa mumtundu woyamba wa zoipitsa, ma adsorption ndi mvula amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. M'dongosolo lino, njira yothandizira zachilengedwe yozikidwa pa bedi la miyala yamtengo wapatali imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa kumatha kutheka. Zoposa 90%. Pakuti zoipitsa organic mu mtundu wachiwiri wa zoipitsa, mizu ya pamwamba madzi madzi maiwe ndi mizu zomera ndi biofilm pa miyala pamwamba pa zomera miyala bedi makamaka ntchito, ndipo njira yoyamba adsorption ndi post biodegradation amatengera. Mogwira inathetsedwa. Pomaliza, pakuchotsa mtundu wachitatu wa zoipitsa monga mchere wosakhazikika wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, woyamba umakwaniritsidwa makamaka ndi kuyamwa kwa zomera, kuwunjika kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kulumikizana kwa mabedi amiyala. Kuchotsa chomalizacho, gawo lina limatengedwa bwino ndi mizu ya mbewu, ndipo gawo lina limathawa dongosolo ndi zochita za mabakiteriya otsutsa pansi pa mikhalidwe ya anaerobic.

5. Kusamalira madzi ozungulira ndi kukongola kwa dimba kumathandizana

Malo amunda pawokha ndi malo okongola mumzindawu. Kuphatikizika kothandiza kwa mankhwala oyendetsa madzi kungathe kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Ziwirizi zimagwirizana ndipo ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamadzi am'munda wamunda. Kumbali inayi, njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi yotengedwa mu pepalali imathanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamunda womwewo. Choncho, pochita, zinthu ziwirizi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Kawirikawiri, njira yoyendetsera madzi imagawidwa pansi pa kubiriwira.

Kuphatikizika koyenera kwa chithandizo cha kufalikira kwa madzi ndi mawonekedwe am'munda, ndithudi kulenga zotsatira zokongola zachilengedwe ndi malo pamaziko a kukwaniritsa zofunikira za madzi, mwachitsanzo, kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zam'madzi zam'madzi ndikulemeretsa malo m'munda. Kusiyanasiyana kungathandizenso kwambiri kuti chilengedwe chisamalire bwino m'munda.

Tanki yapakati ya sedimentation imabzalidwa makamaka ndi zomera zam'madzi monga bango ndi cattail, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zamphepo; wosanjikiza wakunja amabzalidwa bwino ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi odabwitsa. Njira yamadzi ndiyo mzere waukulu wa malo onse a munda, motero kupanga malo okongola a malo, kupangitsa anthu kuiwala kubwerera.

6, mapeto

Mwachidule, zinthu zamadzi zimagwirizana ndi chuma cha dziko la China komanso moyo wa anthu, zomwe ndi maziko a moyo wa anthu. Popanda madzi, palibe moyo. Kutengera kuipitsidwa koopsa kwa madzi am'matauni, pepalali likupereka lingaliro lozikidwa pakuphatikiza mozama pakubwezeretsanso madzi ndi mawonekedwe amunda. Pambuyo pochita ntchito, yapindula bwino pazachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe. Wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waku China wobwezeretsanso madzi m'tsogolomu, kuwongolera kwamadzi am'matauni kudzafika pamlingo watsopano.